Definition/Description Rett syndrome is a rare progressive disorder of the nervous system, leading to impaired cognitive and physical development. The disorder results from a non-inherited genetic mutation, with almost all cases having no family history. Epidemiology Rett syndrome occurs almost exclusively in girls, affecting approximately 1 in every 10,000-15,000 females. The incidence rate in males…
Overview Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that prevents normal development in various parts of the body. A person can be affected by Noonan syndrome in a wide variety of ways. These include unusual facial characteristics, short stature, heart defects, other physical problems, and possible developmental delays. Noonan syndrome is caused by a genetic mutation…
Jacobsen syndrome is a condition caused by a loss of genetic material from chromosome 11. Because this deletion occurs at the end (terminus) of the long (q) arm of chromosome 11, Jacobsen syndrome is also known as 11q terminal deletion disorder. The signs and symptoms of Jacobsen syndrome vary considerably. Most affected individuals have delayed…
Williams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder that features mild learning or developmental challenges, a high levels of calcium in the blood and urine, and a markedly outgoing personality. Williams Syndrome (WS) is a genetic condition that is present at birth and can affect anyone. It is characterized by medical problems, including cardiovascular disease,…
Levator Scapulae Syndrome is a “pain over the upper medial angle of the scapula” that is still used in clinical practice in certain settings round the world. This terminology describes a set of signs and symptoms that often present together without identifying the cause of the pain and dysfunction, as is the case with other…
What is down syndrome? Down syndrome (sometimes called Down’s syndrome) is a condition in which a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome — hence its other name, trisomy 21. This causes physical and mental developmental delays and disabilities. Many disabilities are lifelong, and they can also shorten life expectancy. However,…
Pectoralis Major Muscle Anatomy The pectoralis major is a prominent muscle located in the chest region of the human body. It is a large, fan-shaped muscle that plays a crucial role in the movement of the shoulder and arm. If you enjoy working out, you may also hear people refer to these muscles as the…
MUSCLE DETAILS: The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fan-shaped sheet-like muscle of the pharynx. This muscle, along with the superior and inferior pharyngeal constrictors, forms the bulk of the pharyngeal wall. The pharyngeal constrictor muscles create a peristaltic wave that facilitates passage of the food bolus inferiorly, from the pharynx towards the esophagus, during the…
Anatomy of Zygomaticus Major : Zygomaticus major shown in red. It is a muscle of facial expression which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly to allow one to smile. Origin : Anterior surface of zygomatic bone. Insertion : Modiolus at angle of mouth. Nerve supply : Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)….
INTRODUCTION: Spinal tumors are abnormal growth of cells(mass) that develop inside the spinal column, usually causing pain and other symptoms. Spine tumors may arise from any of the structures of the spine or the spinal column. They may arise in the cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back) or lumbosacral (low back) regions. They may originate in the…
