INTRODUCTION: ANATOMY: TYPES: There are three common types of spinal tumors: vertebral column tumors, intradural-extramedullary tumors, and intramedullary tumors. 1.VERTEBRAL COLUMN TUMORS(EXTRADURAL TUMORS): Primary tumors: These tumors occur in the vertebral column, and grow either from the bone or disc elements of the spine. They typically occur in younger adults. Osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma) is the…
INTRODUCTION ANATOMY OF SPINE CLASSIFICATION OF KYPHOSIS: It can be classified into five categories: The juvenile form of hyperkyphosis. Defined as a defect of the vertebral body growth plate at the cortical level, results in weakening the vertebral body and causing wedging. It stops at the end of growth when the growth cartilage is no…
What is a Facet Joint Syndrome? Facet joint syndrome is a common cause of back and neck pain. It is caused by wear and tear on a joint or joints between your vertebrae (small bones that make up your spine). Facet joints link the vertebrae (small backbones) together in your spine. These joints stabilize the…
What is a Herniated Disc? A herniated disc occurs when the soft, gel-like center of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in its outer layer. This can irritate nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness, often in the lower back or neck. Fully extending the spine repeatedly or for an extended length of time…
INTRODUCTION: “Osteoporosis is a disease of bones in which a decrease in bone density (mass and quality).”Osteoporosis” literally means “porous bones. Bone is a living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn’t keep up with the removal of old bone. People with osteoporosis have…
What is Cauda equina syndrome (CES)? Cauda equina syndrome(CES) is an uncommon compression of the nerves at the end of the spinal cord within the spinal canal. Cauda equina syndrome can be caused by any condition that results in direct irritation or pinching of the nerves which are located at the lower end of the…
What is Psoriasis? Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes the rapid buildup of skin cells. This buildup of cells causes scaling on the skin’s surface. Inflammation and redness around the scales is fairly common. Typical psoriatic scales are whitish-silver and develop in thick, red patches. Sometimes, these patches will crack and bleed. Psoriasis…
Introduction: Pressure ulcers, another name for bed sores, are wounds to the skin and underlying tissue brought on by applying pressure to the skin for an extended period of time. They frequently appear on bony regions such as the elbows, heels, hips, and tailbone, especially in people with restricted mobility. Prevention and management depend on…
