What is a Spasticity? Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with exaggerated tendon reflexes, resulting from hyper excitability of the stretch , as one factor of the upper motor neuron syndrome. Spasticity is loss in muscle movement patterns so that muscles contract all at once. Muscle movements…
Introduction of the facial muscle The facial muscles, also known as craniofacial muscles, are a group of about 20 flat skeletal muscles lying under the skin of the face and scalp. Most facial muscles originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and radiate to insert on the skin. Muscle of the Scalp…
Introduction Superficial muscle of anterior compartment of the forearmThe muscles of the front of the forearm may be divided into superficial and deep groups of muscle. There are five muscles in the superficial muscle group. These are the pronator teres, the flexor carpi radialis, the palmaris longus, the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum…
Introduction The muscles of mastication move your mandible during mastication and speech. The muscles of mastication are the Masseter, the Temporalis, The Lateral pterygoid, and the medial pterygoid. They develop from the mesoderm of the first branchial arch and are supplied by the mandibular nerve which is the nerve of the branchial arch. The muscles…
Introduction The intrinsic muscles of the hand serve the function of adjusting the hand during gripping and also for carrying out fine skilled movements. The origin and insertion of intrinsic muscles are within the territory of the hand.There are 20 muscles in the hand. These are: Four thenar musclesAbductor pollicis brevisFlexor pollicis brevisOpponents pollicisAdductor pollicis…
Introduction:- Mixed cerebral palsy occurs when a baby is experiencing symptoms of many types of cerebral palsy at once, a group of neurological impairments that affect motor and overdeveloping functional skills. Because baby diagnosed with mixed cerebral palsy may have brain damage in more than one area of the brain, this form of cerebral palsy…
What is spina bifida? The spina bifida mean “split spine” in Latin words. Spina bifida is a birth defect in which an area of the spinal column does not form properly, leaving a section of the spinal nerves and spinal cord exposed through an opening in the back region of a newborn baby. It is…
What is spondylosis? What is cervical spondylosis? Anatomy of the Neck region : Intervertebral disks are invited by 2 parts : Bio-Mechanics of The Neck Pathophysiology Cervical spondylosis causes: Other factors affecting cervical spondylosis include prolonged retention of the neck position or repetition of similar neck movements. Bone spurs:These excess growths of bone are the…
Introduction The muscles in the Back of the forearm muscles (posterior compartment of the forearm) are commonly known as the extensor group of muscles. The general function of these muscles is to perform extension at the wrist and fingers joints. They all are innervated by the radial nerve. Anatomically, the muscles in the posterior compartment…
What is an Athetoid cerebral palsy? Athetoid cerebral palsy, or dyskinetic cerebral palsy, is a type of cerebral palsy associated with injury, like other forms of Cerebral Palsy, to the basal ganglia in the form of lesions that happens during brain development due to bilirubin encephalitic pathology and hypoxic-ischemic head injury. Unlike other types of…
