The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Often referred to as the “rest and digest” system, the parasympathetic nervous system counterbalances the actions of the sympathetic nervous system, promoting a state of relaxation and recovery. The PNS…
What is a Central Nervous System (CNS)? The central nervous system (CNS) is a complex network of the brain and spinal cord that coordinates and regulates the functioning of the entire body. It plays a critical role in processing sensory information, controlling movements, and executing cognitive functions. The CNS consists of two main components: the…
What is a Tidal Volume? Tidal volume refers to the volume of air that is inspired or expired with each breath during normal, quiet breathing. In other words, it represents the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a single breath cycle, without any additional effort or forceful inhalation or…
Introduction Relevant Anatomy Structure of Tibial Tuberosity Stages Fractures FAQ
Introduction Semispinalis Capitus belongs to the semispinalis group of the muscle, which in turn is part of the Transversospinal group of muscles (It is formed of muscles between a spinous process and the transverse process of the vertebrae below). The semispinalis muscles have the longest fascicles of the transversospinalis group of the muscles, spanning six…
Introduction Stapedius is the smallest muscle of the human body, measuring approximately 6 mm in length. It is situated in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear, connecting the pyramidal eminence of the petrous part of the temporal bone to the posterior aspect of the neck of stapes. its purpose is to stabilize the smallest…
Introduction The sternohyoid muscle is a flat muscle located on both sides of the neck.The sternohyoid muscle is a strap-like infrahyoid muscle that connects the hyoid bone with the clavicle and sternum. Along with the omohyoid muscle, it comprises the superficial plane of infrahyoid muscles, while the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles belong to the deep…
Introduction The stylohyoid muscle is a paired muscle located in the anterior triangle of the neck.Stylohyoid muscle is a small slender muscle, that lies on the upper border of the posterior digastric muscle. It is part of the suprahyoid group of the muscle which connects the hyoid bone to the mandible and skull. There is…
Introduction Geniohyoid muscle is a short and narrow muscle that lies above the medial part of the mylohyoid muscles. The Geniohyoid muscle is a short, paired muscle that belongs to the suprahyoid muscle group of the neck. Together with the digastric, stylohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles, it makes the floor of the oral cavity. The geniohyoid…
Introduction of the Spinalis Cervicis The Spinalis group of the muscle is part of the erector spinae (ES) group (the intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles). Spinalis Cervicis muscle is the cervical portion of the spinalis muscle with spinalis capitis muscle superiorly and spinalis thoracis muscle inferiorly.The Spinalis Cervicis muscle is variably present. Origin:…
