Levator Scapulae Syndrome is a “pain over the upper medial angle of the scapula” that is still used in clinical practice in certain settings round the world. This terminology describes a set of signs and symptoms that often present together without identifying the cause of the pain and dysfunction, as is the case with other…
What is down syndrome? Down syndrome (sometimes called Down’s syndrome) is a condition in which a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome — hence its other name, trisomy 21. This causes physical and mental developmental delays and disabilities. Many disabilities are lifelong, and they can also shorten life expectancy. However,…
INTRODUCTION: Spinal tumors are abnormal growth of cells(mass) that develop inside the spinal column, usually causing pain and other symptoms. Spine tumors may arise from any of the structures of the spine or the spinal column. They may arise in the cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back) or lumbosacral (low back) regions. They may originate in the…
INTRODUCTION OF KYPHOSIS :- kyphosis commonly known as hunchback, is described as an excessive antero-posterior curvature of the thoracic spine of greater than 40°. Normal kyphosis angles can vary between 20° and 40° in the younger public, however, in older population, the mean kyphosis angle is 48° to 50° in women and about 44° in…
INTRODUCTION:- Facet joint syndrome is a common cause of back and neck pain. It is caused by wear and tear on a joint or joints between your vertebrae (small bones that make up your spine). Facet joints link the vertebrae (small back bones) together in your spine. These joints stabilize the spine and allow you…
What is a Herniated Disc? A Herniated disc, also called a slipped disc, is a common spinal condition that can cause significant pain and discomfort. ANATOMY OF IV DISC AND VERTEBRAE FUNCTION OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC:- The discs throughout the spine have three primary functions: STAGES OF DISC HERNIATION:- There are four types of herniated discs…
INTRODUCTION: “Osteoporosis is a disease of bones in which a decrease in bone density (mass and quality).”Osteoporosis” literally means “porous bones. Bone is a living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn’t keep up with the removal of old bone. People with osteoporosis have…
Cauda equina syndrome(CES) is an uncommon compression of the nerves at the end of the spinal cord within the spinal canal. Cauda equina syndrome can be caused by any condition that results in direct irritation or pinching of the nerves which are located at the lower end of the spinal cord in lumbosacral spine. These…
What is Psoriasis? Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes the rapid buildup of skin cells. This buildup of cells causes scaling on the skin’s surface. Inflammation and redness around the scales is fairly common. Typical psoriatic scales are whitish-silver and develop in thick, red patches. Sometimes, these patches will crack and bleed. Psoriasis…
Introduction: ~A pressure ulcer, sometimes called a “bed sore,” is a skin injury that occurs in about 40,000 people every year. ~Usually, pressure sores happen when people are very ill for a long period of time and are not able to change their position in a bed or a chair. ~People who have conditions such…
