Levator Scapulae Syndrome is a “pain over the upper medial angle of the scapula” that is still used in clinical practice in certain settings around the world. This terminology describes a set of signs and symptoms that often present together without identifying the cause of the pain and dysfunction, as is the case with other…
INTRODUCTION ANATOMY OF SPINE CLASSIFICATION OF KYPHOSIS: It can be classified into five categories: The juvenile form of hyperkyphosis. Defined as a defect of the vertebral body growth plate at the cortical level, results in weakening the vertebral body and causing wedging. It stops at the end of growth when the growth cartilage is no…
What is a Facet Joint Syndrome? Facet joint syndrome is a common cause of back and neck pain. It is caused by wear and tear on a joint or joints between your vertebrae (small bones that make up your spine). Facet joints link the vertebrae (small backbones) together in your spine. These joints stabilize the…
What is a Herniated Disc? A herniated disc occurs when the soft, gel-like center of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in its outer layer. This can irritate nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness, often in the lower back or neck. Fully extending the spine repeatedly or for an extended length of time…
What is Cauda equina syndrome (CES)? Cauda equina syndrome(CES) is an uncommon compression of the nerves at the end of the spinal cord within the spinal canal. Cauda equina syndrome can be caused by any condition that results in direct irritation or pinching of the nerves which are located at the lower end of the…
