What is a Sacralization? In medicine, sacralization refers to a congenital anomaly of the spine, in which the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) fuses to the sacrum, the bone at the base of the spine. This results in a larger and more rigid bone structure, which can cause back pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. However, the…
What is T4 syndrome? Clinically Relevant Anatomy Epidemiology Symptoms of T4 syndrome Less common symptoms: Diagnostic Procedures Examination During the objective examination it can be useful to assess: Differential Diagnosis Red flag questions should be asked extensively to find out any cardiac, respiratory, or visceral problems. Thoracic pain is also common with cancer metastases so…
What is Hallux rigidus? Hallux Rigidus (also referred to as Hallux Limitus) is a degenerative disease leading to a decreased range of movement in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the big toe or great toe. This can affect normal gait function, specifically during the propulsive stage. Hallux rigidus, sometimes known as turf toe or…
What is spina bifida? The spina bifida mean “split spine” in Latin words. Spina bifida is a birth defect in which an area of the spinal column does not form properly, leaving a section of the spinal nerves and spinal cord exposed through an opening in the back region of a newborn baby. It is…
What is spondylosis? What is cervical spondylosis? Anatomy of the Neck region : Intervertebral disks are invited by 2 parts : Bio-Mechanics of The Neck Pathophysiology Cervical spondylosis causes: Other factors affecting cervical spondylosis include prolonged retention of the neck position or repetition of similar neck movements. Bone spurs:These excess growths of bone are the…
Introduction Your upper arm is the meeting point of different bones, muscles, joints, arteries, and nerves. They all work together to keep your shoulder, arm, and hand functioning properly. But if something happens to any of these parts, it can cause pain in the area as well as other symptoms like bruising, heat, visible deformities,…
What is Quadriplegia or Tetraplegia? Quadriplegia, also known as Tetraplegia, refers to a form of paralysis from the neck down, including the trunk, and all four limbs. Most patients with quadriplegia are completely unable to move, and many have significant paralysis below the neck. The condition is generally caused by an injury to the spinal…
What is pseudogout? Pseudogout is a type of arthritis that causes regular pain and swelling in your joints, mostly affecting the knee joints, however, it can affect any joints in the body. It occurs when your joint synovial fluid has crystals that create pain and inflammation in the joints. It is mostly seen in adults…
Knee pain is the most common symptom that can be seen at any age. There are too many causes of knee pain such as injury, overactivity, age-related wear, and tears such as osteoarthritis, gout, or infections. The knee joint is taking all weight of your body during a day-to-day activity like sitting to stand, walking,…
Paraplegia is the result of spinal cord damage. The spinal cord is located in the spinal canal and is part of the central nervous system. It passes on information between the brain and the body. If damage occurs, the line is interrupted and usually cannot be restored. In terms of the extent of the injury,…
